도치란 무엇?

http://titania1.blog.me/120127815148

도치란 무엇?

What are you doing?이 문장은 도치된 문장입니다.

이게 의문문이지 무슨 도치문이냐고 물을 수도 있겠지만. 도치라는 것이 알고 보면 별게 아닙니다.

문장의 특정 성분이 강조되기 위해 문두로 나가는 것입니다.

영어에서는 문장의 어순이 S+V+O/C.. 순으로 되어야 하는데,

V, O, C, 부사 등이 문장 앞 (문두 文頭)으로 나가는 것을 도치倒置라고 합니다.

그럼 왜 이렇게 문장의 어순을 바꾸는 것일까요? 간단히 말해 "강조"하고 싶은 말을 문두로 보내는

것입니다. 우리말에서도 "나는 절대 안간다"는 말보다는"절대로 나는 안간다"가 부정의 느낌이 팍 들지

않습니까?! 영어에서도 마찬가지입니다. "I never go." 보다는 "Never do I go."가 안 간다는 부정의 의미가

확고해지기 때문입니다.

따라서 영어의 원래 어순을 파괴하고 강조하고픈 말을 문두로 내보내는 것을 도치(倒置)라고 생각하면 됩니다.

이때 어순은 [강조 하고픈 말+V(조V)+S+~.]의 형태를 취하죠. 사실 위의 설명만으로도

도치의 이해는 끝났습니다. 하지만 이해를 좀 더 돕기 위해 도치가 되는 경우를 보도록 하죠.

1. 장소, 방향의 부사 또는 부사어구가 문두로 나오면 S와 V는 도치 된다.

S가 명사인 경우: 부사+V+S : The girl fell down.=>Down fell the girl

S가 대명사인 경우: 부사+S+V : She fell down.=>Down she fell.

2. 부정不正을 뜻하는 부사 또는 부사어구가 문두로 나오면 S와 V는 도치 된다.

I have never seen such a sexy girl.=>Never have I seen such a sexy girl.

I little dreamed that she loves me.=>Little did I dream that she loves me.

3. V의 O 강조,

She did not say a word.

=>Not a word did she say.

4. 문장의 균형을 위한 도치 (짧은 어구를 앞으로, 긴 어구를 뒤로~)

The time when my dream will come true will surely come.

=>The time will surely come when his words will come true.

5. 가정법에서의 접속사 If 생략과 S 조동사의 도치

If I were a bird, where would I go?

=>Were I a bird, where would I go?

If I had stopped smoking, I wouldn't have caught the lung cancer

=> Had I stopped smoking, I wouldn't have caught the lung cancer

6. 접속사 As 가 양보의 의미로 쓰일 때. as 절의 C는 문두로 도치된다

형용사/명사/부사+as+S+V.

Ugly as she is, she is rich.

Woman as she is, she is strong.

7. 부사 So 를 이용한 강조

She is pretty.

=> So is he. (=He is pretty, too.)

He was so hungry that he stole money from the safe

=> So hungry was he that he stole money from the safe

8. There , Here 유도부사의 도치

There are many girls in my room.

Here is an apple.

* 예외 S가 대명사일 경우 도치가 발생되지 않는다.

there you are / here it is

9. 강조부사 Only 가 부사(구 또는 절) 을 수식할 때.

he realized she didn't love him only yesterday

=>Only yesterday did he realize that she didn't love him

1. He mastered the program only after weeks of practice

2. A large deer was among the trees

3. She will do well on tests only when she seriously studies

4. An excellent Italian restraurant is near the Westin Hotel

5. We would have never expected our business to be so successful

6. The tallest building in the city stands down the corner

7. She decided not to continue the subscription until she got the free gift

8. She appreciated little the difficulties the others experienced

9. He not only won the game, but he also was selected the MVP

* 다음 각 문장이 어법상 틀린 곳이 있으면 맞게 고치시오.

1. Not until the states ratified the nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution women were allowed

to vote in the United States.

2.Only when the rule can have some meaningful effect it is to be applied.

3. On top of the hill was the boy who all students knew was the principal's son.

4. How many languages are now spoken or were spoken in the past can we hardly say.

1. He mastered the program only after weeks of practice.

->Only after weeks of practice did he master the program.

2. A large deer was among the trees.

->Among the trees was a large deer.

장소 부사구에 의한 도치는 의문문의 질서를 따르지 않습니다.

3. She will do well on tests only when she seriously studies.

->Only when she seriously studies will she do well on tests.

only+부사절에 의한 도치입니다.

4.An excellent Italian restraurantnear the Westin Hotel.

-> Near the Westin Hotel is an excellent Italian restraurant.

역시 장소 부사구에 의한 도치입니다...

5. We would have never expected our business to be so successful.

->Never would we have expected our business to be so successful.

부정어구가 문두에 오면 도치가 일어납니다.

6. The tallest building in the city stands down the corner.

->Down the conner stands the tallest building in the city.

역시 장소부사구에 의한 도치는 의문문의 질서를 따르지 않습니다.

7. She decided not to continue the subscription until she got the free gift.

->Not until she got the free gift, did she decide not to continue the subscription.

부정어구로 인한 도치입니다.

8. She appreciated little the difficulties the others experienced.

->Little did she appreciate the difficulties the others experienced.

부정어구로 인한 도치입니다.

9. He not only won the game, but he also was selected the MVP.

->Not only did he win the game, but he also was selected the MVP.

부정어구로 인한 도치입니다.

정답 및 해설~!(다음 이어서)

1. Not until the states ratified the nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution //

were /women //allowed to vote in the United States.부정의not과 until부사절이 함께 문장의 맨앞에 오면조V와 S가 순서가 바뀌든지 be동사인 경우는 be동사가 S와 자리바꿈을 한다.

<ㅡWomen were NOT allowed to vote in the United States UNTIL the states ratified the nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution

2.Only when the rule can have some meaningful effect//is it// to be applied. Only 와 다른 부사 혹은 부사구 부사절이 문두에 올 때 반쪽부정의 의미를 지니므로 조동사와 S가 순서가 바뀌든지 be동사인 경우는be동사가 S와 자리바꿈을 한다<ㅡIt is to be applied ONLY when the rule can have some meaningful effect .

3. On top of the hill was the boy who all students knew was the principal's son.<- 이상없음부사구가문두에 오는 경우 도치가 될수 있다고는 하지만 여기서는 S가 관계절을 가지면서 너무길어서 순서가 바뀐것이죠 이를 균형 도치라고 합니다.<ㅡthe boy who all students knew was the principal's son was on top of the hill was .

4. Hardly can we say how many languages are now spoken or were spoken in the past.부정의 부사Hardly/scarcely/rarely 등 no sooner ... (than)등이 문두에 올때,조V와 S가 순서가 바뀌든지 beV 인경우는 beV가 S와 자리바꿈을 한다<ㅡwe can Hardly say how many languages are now spoken or were spoken in the past