[도치] 강조, 도치, 삽입

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강조문

1. 강조 (1)

1. It is + 강조어구 + that ∼ 2. 동사의 강조 -- do, does, did 사용 3. 재귀대명사의 강조 ; 주어, 목적어, 보어 강조 4. 명사의 강조 -- the very + 명사 5. 동일 품사의 반복 6. 도치(생략)에 의한 강조

1. I met her yesterday in the park.
= It was I that(who) met her yesterday in the park.(주어 강조)
= It was her that(whom) I met yesterday in the park. (목적어 강조)
= It was yesterday that(when) I met her in the park. (부사강조)
= It was in the park that(where) I met her yesterday. (부사강조)

2. do [ does,did ] + 동사 원형
I do hope you will succeed.

Do be quiet! (제발 조용히 하시오!) -- 명령문에서 be 동사의 강조

3. I met her herself.(목적어의 강조)
He himself did it. (주어의 강조)
She is attention itself. (very attentive)
4. He is the very man that I have wanted to employ.

under your very eyes (바로 네 눈 앞에서)……<소유격＋very>
this very day (바로 오늘)………………<this＋very>
this very minute (바로 지금)……………<this＋very>
5. She walked and walked to meet her husband.
It rained for hours and hours and hours.

He tried it again and again.

The door opened very, very slowly.

6. We don't know the value of health until we lose it.
= Not until we lose it, do we know the value of health.
= It is not until we lose it that we know the value of health.
= We know the value of health only after we lose it.

Came, saw, conquered. (왔노라, 보았노라, 이겼노라.)…<접속사 and 생략에 의한 강조>

2. 강조 (2)

7. 의문문 강조 : on earth, in the world, at all, ever 등 (도대체) 8. 부정문 강조 : in the world, on earth, whatever, at all, in the least, by any means, in the slightest, on any account, on any way, (전혀 ∼ 않다) 9. 조건문 강조 : at all ( 적어도, 조금이나마) 10. 최상급 강조 최상급, (all, every) + 명사 + - ible, -able 최상급 + in the world, on earth 비교급의 강조 -- much, even, far, still, a lot 등을 비교급 앞에 사용 11. 삽입구에 의한 강조 if any(anything) -- 명사강조 : 가령 있다 할지라도, 얼마라도 있다면 if ever -- 동사강조 : 설사 - - 하는 일이 있다 하더라도, 12. 수사의문문 13. 이중부정

7. Why on earth do you look down on him ?
Who in the world are you ?

Why ever did you not say so? (도대체 너는 왜 그렇게 말하지 않았니?)
Do you know English at all ?

8. I don't know him at all.
I know nothing whatever about the matter.
I am not in the least afraid of dogs.

9. If you trust him at all, leave all to him.
10. The car was running at the highest speed possible.

I can swim much faster than you.
11. There are very few, if (there are) any (mistakes), mistakes.

He has little, if anything, to do with the matter.
He seldom, if (he) ever (does), go there.
12. What is wealth without health ?(건강없는 부가 무슨 소용이냐?)

little 이 know, dream, imagine,care,expect 등을 부정하면 강한 부정의 뜻[전혀 - - 못하다]이다. Little did I dream of a letter coming from him. (도치에 의한 강조)

13. I never meet him without thinking of my son. (나는 그를 만나면 반드시 내 아들 생각이 난다.)

I never look at the stars but I think how little I am.

He never visits me without asking about our old friends.

= He never visits me but he asks about our old friends.

= Whenever he visits me, he asks about our old friends.

도치구문

1.어법상, 관용상 도치

① 의문문, 부가의문문, 기원문, 감탄문 ② There [Here] V + S (☞ 주어가 대명사 일 때 [S + V] ) ③ Neither, Nor, So + V + S ④ 가정법에서의 if 생략 ⑤ as 양보구문, 명령형 양보구문 ⑥ 직접화법에서 전달내용이 앞에 올 때 ⑦ [ the + 비교급, the + 비교급]

① Who are you ?(의문문)

What is your name?

What do you like best?

Who wrote this book? (주격이 의문사일 때는 그대로)

The lady is very beautiful, isn't she? (부가의문문)

Do me a favor, will you?

Let's go somewhere, shall we?
May you succeed ! Long live the king! (기원문)

How foolish you are! (감탄문은 항상 감탄대상이 문두에 온다 --- 주어 동사는 그대로)
② There once lived a wise king.

There appears to be a party in that house.
Here is a white cat.
Here it is. (대명사이므로 정치함)

③ He is honest. So is she.

He is honest. So he is. ("정말 그래"의 의미-- 정치함)
I am not rich, nor do I wish to be.
④ Were I a bird, I could fly to you.(= If I were a bird ∼ )

Had I been you, I wouldn't have done that. (If I had been you, ~)

⑤ Rich as she was, she was not contented.

= Though(as) she was rich, she was not contented.
Woman as she is, she is strong.(관사가 있는 명사가 앞에 올 때는 관사를 쓰지 않는다)

Go where you may, you'll be welcomed. (명령형 양보구문)

= Wherever you may go, you'll be welcomed.
= No matter where you may go, you'll be welcomed.
⑥ "I know nothing of it," said the man. (he said -- 주어가 대명사이면 그대로)
⑦ The higher we go up, the colder becomes the air. (대명사는 그대로.....)

2. 강조를 위한 도치

1) 부사, 부사구의 도치

1. 자동사일 경우 ⇒ [부사(구) + 자동사 + S] -- 도치 2. 타동사일 경우 ⇒ [부사(구) + do [does,did] + S + Root + O] 3. 조동사일 경우 ⇒ [부사(구) + 조동사 + S + Root] 4. up, down, away, off, in, out 등의 부사의 강조 ① do,does,did 를 안씀. ② 주어가 명사 : [부사 + 동사 + 명사주어] ③ 주어가 대명사 : [부사 + 대명사주어 + 동사] (그대로,정치)

1. Here and there stood beautiful flowers.
= Beautiful flowers stood here and there.
2. Only then did he realize it.
= He realized it only then.
3. Thus should you act and not otherwise.
= You should act thus and not otherwise.

4. Down fell the girl.
Down she fell.

Off went the man.

2) 부정어구의 도치

* never, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, nor, no sooner 등의 부정의 부사구가 문두에 오면 도치. * little은 "거의 ∼하지 않는"의 뜻으로 준부정어이나 dream, realize, imagine, think, know 등과 함께 쓰이면 순수부정의 뜻인 "결코 ∼하지 않는"이 됨 * not ∼ until : ∼이 되어서야 비로소 ∼하다. no sooner ∼ than : ∼하자마자 …하다.

Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.
Little did I dream that I should never see her again.
Seldom is he in a bad mood.
Rarely did I see him nowadays.

He had scarcely/hardly seen me when/before he ran away.

= He had no sooner seen me than he ran away.…<보통문장>

= Scarcely/Hardly had he seen me when he ran away.
= No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.

Not a word did she say.

I little dreamed that I should never see her again.

= Little did I dream that I should never see her again.

He did not know the fact until this morning.

= Not until this morning did he know the fact.

She had no sooner seen him than she burst into tears.

= No sooner had she seen him than she burst into tears.

3) 목적어의 도치

① [ O + S + V] (정치) ② [ O + 조동사 ( do 동사) + S + V ] : 목적어가 부정어 포함할 때 (도치)

Such a great man I have never seen before.
His promise you can rely on.

Not a single word did he say. (부정어가 포함된 목적어만 도치됨)
= He did not say a single word.

No thought did you give to my distress.
= You gave no thought to my distress.

4) 보어의 도치

보어의 뜻 강조, 주부가 너무 길 때나 명사의 경우 도치 -- 문장의 균형 유지가 중요 1. 명사주어 [보어 + 불완전자동사 + S] (도치) 2. 대명사 주어 [ C + S + V ] (정치)

1. Long was the way for him.
Happy is the man who can say that he contents his life.
2. Very grateful they were for my offer.
cf) The higher we climb, the colder it becomes.

삽입문

1. 주절해당절의 삽입 : (I think,it seems,I'm sure - - )
Tom, I believe , is ten years old.
He is ,it seems to me, a little more than thirty years old.
He is,I am sure, a fine gentleman.

2. 의문사·관계사가 있는 절 속에서의 삽입

⑴ 의문사 있는절 [의문사 + do you think [suppose, imagine,believe, guess 등] + S + V] 의 형식 How old do you think I am ? What do you suppose he is ? ⑵ 관계사가 있는 절에서 :(comma 없이 사용) He is a gentleman who I think is very honest. Do what you believe is right. ⑶ 절의 삽입 - 관계사절, 부사절 The boy, who was honest, was loved by everyone. (관계사절) My uncle, whom I haven't seen for years, is coming tomorrow. (관계사절) Seoul, which is the capital of Korea, is getting larger. (관계사절) He is, as I told you before, a foolish man. (부사절)

3. 관용어구의 삽입

⑴ 관용적 부사구 as it were [so to speak], to be sure [to be exact], generally speaking, after all, in the long run, as it is, to be frank with you, between you and me ......... ⑵ if ever (+ V) :[ - - 한다 하더라도] ( if 주어 + ever + 동사(do)의 준말) if any (+ N) :[있다면,있으면] ( if there + be + any + 명사의 준말) if at all [ 있다고 하더라도] ⑶ That is(to say) :[즉, 다시말해] (Let us) say : [예컨대,글세] ⑷ 부사어 -- however, nonetheless

⑴ You are, as it were, a grown-up baby.
My elder brother is, so to speak, a walking dictionary.
He came, to be exact, at ten.

Children, in general, are very fond of play.

The boy is, to begin with, very stupid.

She was dishonest, what was worse, unkind.

I found, to my surprise, that I was left in a strange room.
⑵ My uncle seldom, if ever, comes to see me.
He has few, if any, faults.
He is little, if at all, better than a beggar.
⑶ I wish I could go there - that is (to say), to my hometown.
He has many, say a hundred, books.
⑷ Her mind, however, did not change.

She, nevertheless, decided to try it again.